In Virginia and the Carolinas she was passed from one plantation house to another as an honoured guest in the guise of Queen Charlottes sister. 143,864 convicts (about 90%) are recorded on this website. British Convict Transportation Register 1787 . Besides being uncomfortable and inconvenient, the trip was very expensive. Although materials for studying individual female convicts are meager at best, a variety of questions can be answered by . This guide will help you find records of people sentenced to transportation. Ninety percent of them stayed in Maryland and Virginia. hide caption. The list also details where each person was tried. According to witnesses, when the clergyman asked. Be aware that a small number of convicts were also transported to . Discover more convict facts. Unlike all other ancestors in this genealogy, Daniel Davisson is unique. The proceedings of the case can be read in the, Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County Massachusetts, , Volume II (1912), pp. Price and Associates is a professional genealogy firm in Salt Lake City, Utah. The majority of the Jamestown settlers were indentured servants and did all the grunt work for the settlement, the rich adventurers not knowing or caring to lift a finger to do manual labor. Many more records survive from this period but, as few are indexed by name, finding an individual can still be difficult. This is just over half of all those exiled - the incomplete coverage is due to . pg 39 Passengers For Virginia, 1635, pg 111, 211, 268, 374 Passengers For Virginia, p. 184, 388 Passengers For Virginia, p. 61, 189, 261 Emigrants in Vessels Bount to Virginia, p. 248 The death of a slave was a more material loss than the death of a convict. Maxwell received 30 lashes on his bare skin "for exobitant and abusive carage toward the master and his wife." Appendix III: Benjamin Franklin Has His Say. Your email address will not be published. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. In 1681 a surprise attact by Indians distroyed most of the dwellings.in the area. In about 1676 he administered the estate of John Barry and he lived on that same land in Kittery. The County of Middlesex, which enclosed the City of London to the north of the Thames River, was one of the smallest in England, having an area of barely 200 square miles, but for centuries it was the most densley populated county in the Kingdom. Gen. Soc of Boston. His widow married another Scotchman, Micuim Mc Intyre. The names of Stewards and Servants sent b y John Mason, Esq., into this province of New Hampshire. 3,511 contributions have been made to this website since May 2011. John Barry died during an Indian attact in 1671. He had no children. One week after the battle, the Council of State, which was England's governing body, decided to turn the problem over to the committee and informed Sir Arthur Hasenlrigge, that he could deposed of as many of the Scots as he felt proper to work in the coal mines. The soul-drivers chained the convicts together and herded them inland to the backcountry like oxen or sheep. Then, the servant and the employer would sign the indenture, making it a legally binding contract. The two young men claimed that they had been forcibly sold into service by George Dill, a ships captain who traded in indentured servants and slaves. Junkins was scalped but managed to survive long enough to make it to Maxwell's garrison and relate what had happened. The prisons soon became overcrowded and extra accommodation had to be provided in derelict ships (or hulks) moored in coastal waters. Cooper's daughter Sarah married George Grey, another Scotsman. Assorted records of criminals, convicts and prisoners can be searched on on Findmypast.co.uk (), though many do not relate to criminal transportation. In many cases convicts appealed to be pardoned or to have their sentences reduced, while transportation itself was often used as a reduced sentence for a convict who might otherwise have been executed. Lookups of specific research books to find their offline locations can be found via ArchiveGrid/WorldCat. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. It also outlines which details can be useful when starting your research, and contains background information on the history of criminal transportation. Women constituted roughly a third of the convicts sent to America, and nearly half of the women tried at the Old Bailey during the years 1718 to 1775 were sentenced to transportation. Other Resources for Researching Indentured Servant Ancestors. Moll Flanders, published in 1722, was a piece of propaganda supporting transportations supposed redemptive powers. Some men were shot because they either could not or would not march. An official estimate made inthe late 18th century was that one in three of all felons in England was convicted in Middlesex. The term of an indenture was typically 4 to 7 years, after which time the servant was given the freedom to manage his or her own affairs.Some were even granted land and money. When they reached their destination, they happened upon a field of cabbage.They ate all of it, which of course made them even sicker than they already were. An incomplete list of Scots who were sent to New England in 1650 appeared in the Iron Works papers in 1653. O n Dec. 12, 1719, a ship named "La Mutine," the Mutinous Woman, left the French port of Le Havre. Britain Sent Thousands of Its Convicts to America, Not Just Australia British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies [James Butler Davis . This means that there are nearly 5 mill. In 1791, the first shipload of convicts left Cork harbour for New South Wales, following the so-called 'First Fleet . Philip Welch is my ancestor. John Curmuckhell died not long after. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) transportation was put on hold. They married into the Cherokee natives in North Carolina tribe. Servants usually worked as farm laborers or domestic servants completing manual labor. Learning. His widow Dorothy then married another Scotsman, Micuim Macintire, who bought land from Maxwell. You are wrong that the white indentured servants were treated well. Welcome to Geni, home of the world's largest family tree. . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The Transportation Act resulted in more than 52,000 convicts being forcibly transported to America and the West Indies. To search this database for indentured servants. Apendix II: List of Ships Carrying London, Middlesex and Home Countries Convicts to America 1716-1775. Her story could form the basis of a terrific film. The fourth entry for Susanna Goldsmith shows that her passage was paid by her father. Note: Some of the Scotmans were at Block Island after being freeded. They learned this trade at Valentine Hill , which is where they had been indentured servants. You can limit your search to one database, or search all of them. Alexander (Sander) Cooper settled near The Great Works with other Unity Scotsmen. The third entry for Major Samuel Goldsmith shows that he transported himself, his family, and five other people who would have worked for their passage under indentures. The list contains: Non-Convict name, title, ship, contact name and e-mail address. Many also worked at the Iron Works.They were as follows: Prisoners who worked at the Lynn Iron Works, now known as the Saugus Iron Works, were as follows: In Kittery Maine, there is a Unity parish, doubtless from the prisoners, who were sent there to work in the sawmills. Napoleon III established the penal colony in 1854, and some 80,000 French convictscriminals, spies and political prisonerswould be sent there before it officially closed in 1938. The William Brown House, an elegant Georgian brick building built in the 1760s, sits on the banks of the South River in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Over a period of almost 100 years, between 1852 and 1946, tens of thousands of convicts lived and worked in Saint Laurent de Maroni. In one well-known story, a Virginia woman named Sarah Harrison is recorded as refusing to go along with a crucial portion of the marriage ceremony. Neither married. When convicts were sent to America, it was usually because they were given the option of either going to jail in Britain, or working off their sentence as an indentured servant in America. Once there, you can search for your ancestor by entering as much information as you know. They arrived in Boston in December. Records of trials held at quarter sessions are held by local archives. Lissen then welcomed two other Scots into the family. They planned to sell each man for between 20 and 30 pounds, which would have made them a considerable profit, since they only paid five pounds for each man. White Servitude and Convict Labor in America, 1607-1776 Convicts A sample of the 2074 received convicts in four Maryland counties: Kent Co 1719-1744 402 KC Bonds and Indentures Queen Ann Co. 1727-1750 249 QA Land Records Baltimore Co. 1770-1774 574 BC Convict Records Anne Arundel Co. 1771-1775 849 AA Convict Records A Those who were transported there entered an indenture for an average of 7 years to work off the price of the passage. Involuntary servitude, along with slavery in the United States, was banned as a part of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865. Chapter IX: The State Monopoly - Early Days. 1615. Many were sent to Berwick Maine after the demise of the Iron Works. Crimes that attracted banishment were ones against society, such as theft and deception. The use of indentured servants was the most common in the Middle Atlantic colonies, ranging from New Jersey down to Virginia. Although some returned to England once their servitude was over, many remained and began their new lives in the colonies. Across the period, slightly less than half of all migrants were British, 40 percent were Spanish and Portuguese, 6 percent were from Swiss and German states, and 5 percent were French. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The myth of highwayman Dick Turpin outlives the facts. On May 13, 1787, a group of over 1,400 people in 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth, England. Here are three free online resources to explore. Only the most difficult convicts were sent to the Tasman Peninsula prison known as Port Arthur. While the plantation owners and ironmasters of Maryland and Virginia welcomed the influx of cheap labour, other Americans were less enthusiastic. Search the index to Tasmanian convicts (archives council of Tasmania) by name to see some digitised records, including conduct records, indents and descriptions. Transportation provided an alternative punishment for crimes which were considered serious, but not worthy of execution. At these remote stations living conditions were harsher and punishments more severe. Applications are known as petitions, and may have been made by friends, relatives or other associates on behalf of the convict. A court case heard in the Salem Quarterly Court on 25 June 1661 documents an instance of people who were kidnapped and sold into indentured service. The frigate was bound for the vast territory in what is now the . Here they were allowed daily rations of a pound of bread and a half a pound of cheese. Ages varied wildly; one girl was aged nine and four boys were 10 years old. This was not true for African slaves. Have you ever wondered how your colonial American ancestors were able to travel from their homeland to America? Sarah was an impostor and a fraudster. transported to America between 1718 and 1775, the records for such convicts are sadly largely no longer extant). Her knowledge includes researching many different records from the United States, Germany, and Poland. Search criminal registers for England and Wales (HO 26 and HO 27), 1791 to 1892, on Ancestry.co.uk (). Your chances of success will be much better if you begin with some information about the person youre looking for. 61 of the men did make it to the iron Works. Benjamin Franklin suggested that America should export rattlesnakes in return for the convicts. Few records of these individuals survive, though legal records from this period may contain useful information. About 80 percent were sent to Maryland and Virginia, while the rest were scattered throughout other New World colonies. Note: Duncan Stewart was born in the highlands of Scotland about 1623. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. His wife's name was Sisey. People who were transported are labeled as Transported in the database, meaning that they would have had to work off an indenture. November 11Th, the Council issued sailing orders to the Unity. These men were captured at the battle of Worcester. 6 July 1675 his wife Ann was taken to court for not frequenting the publique worship of God on the lord's day. Contains names of English convicts transported from England to the Americas between 1617-1775. According to the vicar of Wendover, transportation served the purpose of draining the Nation of its offensive Rubbish. Price and Associates is a professional genealogy firm in Salt Lake City, Utah. The database offers both simple and advanced search options, as well as a Soundex. The solution was to develop new penal colonies in modern day Australia, and on 13 May 1787 the first fleet set sail. For example, the book New York City Court Records, 1684-1760 by Kenneth Scott (1982) is still protected by copyright, but the index can be searched by typing in a surname. He was evedently well reguarded by its owner and selectman Nichilas Lissen, as he married Lissen's daughter Hannah after being there only two years. Before 1776, all convicts sentenced to transportation were sent to North America and the West Indies. HO 10 and HO 11 can be downloaded free of charge from Discovery, our catalogue; however, please be aware that these are very large files, suitable only for download via a fast and unlimited broadband connection. Through Virtual Jamestown you can access several free databases of records pertaining to indentured servants, including the Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654 1686. They sold the convicts singly or in groups as they passed each settlement. or result in whipping. and click on Database on the left side of the screen. This example includes the different types of entries from this database. However, you may be in luck when searching for this information indentures were written contracts so some of these records do still exist.