2, pp. https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. This period is marked by a building hiatus at Babylon, similar to the one after the fall of the First Babylonian dynasty. 163-69). This document includes a graphic timeline (imagemap) and a hypertexted text timeline We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 2, 1986, pp. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The mosaic glass beakers are thought to have been heirlooms, possibly for ritual use the find spot being a temple. Download Free PDF View PDF. Who were the kassites in the Bible? [46], The Kassite language has not been classified. XVI, Fasc. Kassites played a central role in the military. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium,. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. K. Balkan (1986, pp. The office of the governor was secular, but he could also serve as the high priest of the Enlil temple (Ekur) of Nippur. Buried History, 51, 57-60. Later rule shifted to the new city of Dur-Kurigalzu. J. Fincke, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Nuzi-Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 10, Wiesbaden, 1993. Their religion revolved around worship of three major gods, one for . Other ceramic goods, such as traps for small animals and vessels commonly thought to be fruit stands were found also. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. This should come at no surprise given the nature of god/goddess worship within the land. M. Heinz, Migration und Assimilation im 2. Idem, rev. (2015). The Kassites produced a substantial amount of pottery. Kassite period. Archaeologists divide it into three periods, Early Kassite (pre c. 1415 BC), Middle Kassite (c 1415 BC - 1225 BC), and Late Kassite (c. 1225 BC - 1155 BC). 2 (1957), pp. Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. 31-51. 174-190, Bass, George F., et al. The letters M-S in ancient Egyptian mean to come from. But, dont take my word for all of that. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. 17 f.). L. Sassmannshausen, The Adaptation of the Kassites to the Babylonian Civilization, in K. van Lerberghe and G. Voet, eds., Languages and Cultures in Contact. The problem is that there are several places called Ur. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty eBook : Charles River Editors: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store Christ's first name, Jesus, was Yeshua. On the other hand, they are not underrepresented in the ration lists, which points to their presence in the lower echelons of the society. The correspondence is mainly concerned with diplomatic marriages. A. First mentioned in the Bible is the record of Genesis 10:8-10 which names Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of the city in the dim prehistoric past. Click here to find out more about this unique and fun Bible study tool! Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Selected by Choice as an "Outstanding Academic Book of 1996" and now extensively revised, the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, co-published by Eerdmans and Brill, is the only major reference work describing the gods, angels, demons, spirits, and semidivine heroes found in Scripture.Written by 100 leading experts in the field, the more than 400 alphabetically arranged articles . World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. There is very little evidence for serious political problems before the thirteenth century BC when Assyria to the north and Elam to the east began to threaten Babylonia, and eventually brought an end to Kassite control. According to the accounts in Genesis, and the dates that follow throughout the entirety of the era of Kings and Judges, the Exodus occurred in 1312bce, which is 2448 years from the creation of Adam. : Die Kassiten, in K. Bartl, R. Bernbeck, and M. Heinz, eds., Zwischen Euphrat und Indus. (Non-dynastic usurpers17351701 BCE) They were conquered by Alexander the Great but later regained their independence. Kassites held important positions in the state sector as late as Nab-mukn-aplis reign (978-943 BCE). The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). how much did lawrence welk band members make; walmart distribution center pedricktown, nj 08067; smoked coffee beans on pellet smoker; power xl air fryer turn off beeping [21] At the site of Isin, which had been abandoned after the time of Samsu-iluna, major rebuilding work occurred on the religious district including the temple of Gula. This governor seems to have enjoyed a special, apparently privileged, status among the other provincial governors (Sassmannshausen tends to compare his role to that of a chief minister of the state: Kanzler). 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. 185f. There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. Tukulti-Ninurta I, who pursued an Assyrian expansionist policy, invaded Babylonia and deposed Katilia IV (1227-20 BCE), whom he took as prisoner to Assur. 38, no. "Archive und Bibliotheken in Babylon. I; Chronicles conserning early babylonian Studies in Eastern History, II. Books 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." D. R. Frayne, Old Babylonian Period(2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. They even burn their sons and daughters in the fire as sacrifices to their gods. Volume 1 Kardunia. Sassmannshausen (1999, pp. 15:7). Middle Babylonian documents from Nuzi have the form Ku-u-u (-h), i.e., with the Hurrian adjectival ending -e (Fincke, 1993, pp. "The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity". Agriculture was in the hands of many dutiable landowners and their agricultural workers as well as tenants. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. Aarhus Univ. The chronology of the Kassite rulers is very uncertain. (Joshua 24:2 NIV), So because Gideon broke down Baals altar, they gave him the name Jerub-Baal that day, saying, Let Baal contend with him. (Judges 6:32 NIV), You must not worship the LORD your God in their way, because in worshiping their gods, they do all kinds of detestable things the LORD hates. Other revealing information is provided by the Amarna letters, which include correspondence from the Kassite Babylonian kings to the Egyptian pharaohs of the mid-fourteenth century BC. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. Abraham was born in 1912bce, or 1948 from Adam, when Noah was 58 years old His son Shem was Malchitzedek, and Shems daughter was Tamar who became the mother Judahs twin sons (Peretz and Zarach). Your email address will not be published. The horse, the sacred animal of the Kassites, probably first came into use in Babylonia at this time. They slowly then began to make their way southward toward Babylon. Once they made it to Babylon, they managed to defeat the weakened Babylonian city state and set themselves up as rulers. The Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian civilization. This is depicted in letters #287 and his sixth letter, #290. [42][43] Another Kassite king, Hamar-galu, is known from five inscriptions from the Nippur area. [56], Seals were used widely across the Near Eastern kingdoms during the Kassite rule. A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. 125-145, Potts, Daniel T. (1999). The Kassites retained power for about four hundred years (until 1155 BC). [51] It is found in many Moesoptamia cities including Eridu and Tell Khaiber. There is a radical change of the administrative terminology. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. W. De Smet, Kashsh in Old-Babylonian Documents, Akkadica 68, 1990, pp. . Astour, Michael C. The Name of the Ninth Kassite Ruler. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 471-589. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archologie, Daniel A. Nevez, 'Provincial administration at Kassite Nippur', Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassites&oldid=1137673460, States and territories established in the 16th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Son of Burnaburiash I, Grandson of Agum-Kakrime, Possible campaigns against "The Sealand" and "in Dilmun". 1 The Assyrian Empire. Following this event, his grandfather Aur-uballi invaded Babylonia to place Kurigalzu II (1327-03 BCE) on the throne. Ramose was her father. Kassite kings ruled for about 400 years. The Kissites used their alliances to help repel enemies and to establish a trade. (Deuteronomy 4:19 NIV), Joshua said to all the people, This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Long ago your ancestors, including Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor, lived beyond the Euphrates River and worshiped other gods. "6. The foreign inhabitants of the fortresses, who were mercenaries (rather than foreign invaders) forming a garrison system, gradually controlled the countryside of northern Babylonia. Some prebendaries in Babylonian temple cities bore Kassite ancestors names as late as the Achaemenid period (see Zadok, 2003, p. 482, with n. 6). Idem, Forced laborers in the Middle Babylonian period, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 32, 1980, pp. Early Periods, 4. 210 f.). While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. "18. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982. Who are the Ethiopian people in the Bible? Ancient Orient Museum, Kudurru mentioning the name of the Kassite king Kurigalzu II, from Nippur, Iraq, Ancient Orient Museum, Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur, Kassite period, 1550-1450 BCE, Winged centaur hunting animals. [5] The chief gods, titular gods of the kings, were Shuqamuna and Shumaliya. The fact that the river ordeal, which in the Old Babylonian period is mainly recorded in texts from Susa, has become more common in Babylonia during the Kassite than in the preceding (Old Babylonian) period may point to an origin of the Kassites east of Babylonia, but is not conclusive evidence. The Amarna letters, which were mostly written in the early to mid-13th century BCE, capture communication back and forth from Egyptian Ruler Amenophis III and his various loyal vassal-governors in the land of Canaan. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. 3, 1963, pp. [26] Chen, Fei (2020). Idem, Kossaioi, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 22, 1922, pp. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. Israel is laid waste and his seed is not; Israel is also mentioned in the base of a statue from Egypt. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. 229-244, Brinkman, J. Its about events 700-1000 years later. Christ was at once a Koresh, a Hebrew, and a Yehudi. 257 ff. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. This God held this position for many years after Kassite rule hand ended. 144 ff.). 479-491, Potts, D. T. Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. Kassites. The Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections makes a very strong argument that it is not representing Israel but the field is quite divided on this piece. Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. Both sectors were based on the redistributive principle characteristic of Mesopotamian household organization (see Edens, 1994, p. 211). In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). Van De Mieroop, 2003, pp. 409-24. Unfortunately the tablet containing the list is fragmentary. World History Encyclopedia, 03 Aug 2011. Trustees of the British Museum. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. The Amarna letters show marriage contracts between Egypt's 18th dynasty and the Kassites. Prof. David Goldenberg Categories: Beha'alotcha Old Arab Woman, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1882. [34] Being in close proximity the Assyrians and Kassites often came into political and military conflict over the next few centuries. Adad-shuma-usur had the longest reign that lasted for about 30 years. Judges 6:3 | View whole chapter | See verse in context. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. "The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State." The Kassites first appeared during the reign of Samsu-iluna (1749-1712 BC), son of Hammurabi of the First Babylonian Dynasty and after being defeated by Babylon, moved to control the city-state of Mari. the Babylonian Tradition in the Second Millennium B.C. Remember that Hebrews existed before the Egyptian captivity. The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. The number of Kassite appellatives is restricted (slightly more than 60 vocables, mostly referring to colors, parts of the chariot, irrigation terms, plants, and titles). M. Hlscher, Die Personennamen der kassitenzeitlischen Texte aus Nippur, Imgula 1, Mnster, 1996. 421-436. [58] The seals were generally made of stone, glass, or clay. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. 1, 2006, pp. Thus Rameses means to come from Ra and Mosa would be incomplete, and as it says in Exodus he was drawn from the water. After Babylon came within the Kassite sphere of control its city-god, Marduk was absorbed into the Kassite pantheon. The Babylonian Kudurru Inscriptions and their Legal and Sociohistorical Implications". Original definition by British Museum. Volume 1 Kardunia. 209-23. Schneider, Thomas (2003). Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church . This proves that the early Kassite state was able to assign large resources for huge projects. Museum, British. The Kassites hardly penetrated the fields where acquaintance with the scribal art was required. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The Bible, however, distinguishes the Havilah that serves as one of the boundaries of Ishmaelite territory from all other places named Havilah, with the qualifying phrase "by Shur, which is close to Egypt" (Gen. 25:18). 2, 2006, pp. The demise of the Kassite dynasty was caused mainly by external factors. Where did the Hittites live in ancient Anatolia? (1969): 310-348, Kaniuth, Kai. 2. Diakonoff, Warminster, 1982, pp. to 540 B.C. )], Buga[u?] . Cancik-Kirschbaum, 1996, no. The Assyrians Reception of a victorious. Ran Zadok, "KASSITES,"Encyclopdia Iranica, online edition, 2015, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kassites (accessed on 13May2015). M. Stol, Studies in Old Babylonian History, Publications de lInstitut historique-archologique nerlandais de Stamboul 40, Leiden, 1975. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Unfortunately, many of those tablets have not yet been published, including hundreds held in the Ottoman Museum in Istanbul. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Literature that falls in the category of mythical will not be covered even though there is a large amount of biblical and Akkadian literature that refers to the same events, such as creation and flood events. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. Press, 1997, Kjaerum, F. SEALS OF DILMUN-TYPE FROM FAILAKA, KUWAIT. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. How does violence against the family pet affect the family? The specific purpose and intent of this entry is to present research on biblical synchronisms; references to the same or supposedly same historical events from multiple cultures. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. 88-124, Clayden, Tim. The Kassites, controlled Mesopotamia from 1595 to 1157 B.C. Most of the Kassite kings ruled on an average of 17 to 20 years. A. Brinkman (1976-80, p. 465a) and W. De Smet (1990, p. 11) point out that the earliest evidence for Kassites is from northern Babylonia and west of it, viz., the Middle Euphrates and Alalah VII (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 466b). One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. In addition to their original members and dependents, both sectors absorbed prisoners of war, fugitive foreigners. A. history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia. Babylonia was divided into two kingdoms, that of the Kassites in the north and the Sealand in the south, including Uruk, Ur, and Larsa. M. Bloomfield, On Some Alleged Indo-European Languages in Cuneiform Characters, AJSLL 25, 1904, pp. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. In the 1st millennium the Kassites withdrew to the Zagros Mountains, where they opposed the eastward expansion of Assyrian power and paid tribute to Persia. His stele tells of a civil war of sorts and is backed by later Greek sources. This discovery was made by the same archaeologist (Ludwig Borchardt) that discovered the Nefertiti bust and helped excavate the Amarna region. Saarbrcken: Saarlndische Druckerei und Verlag, Sternitzke, Katja. The Kassite termini surviving in Akkadian are mainly from the realms of horse breeding and chariot building. The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. Edens 1994, p. 213), the Kassite rulers reconstructed old cities in various parts of the country. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. (c)linking his wealth to the traditional system (d)damaging the economy beyond repair (e)permanently reforming corrupt temple priest in egypt (a)the invention of monotheism Which of the following is true of the rule of Akhenaten? [54] A Kassite text found at Dur-Kurigalzu mentions glass given to artisans for palace decoration and similar glass was found there. The Mosaic Glass Vessels from Hasanlu, Iran: A Study in Large-Scale Stylistic Trait Distribution The Art Bulletin , Vol. This article is available in print.Vol. 164 f.) and Hatti. 65, no. We can learn about the society where the ancient Israelites, and later Jesus and the Apostles, lived through the modern discoveries that provide us clues. Volume 2 Kardunia. 1, 1989, pp. J. Oelsner, Landvergabe im kassitischen Babylonien, in M. A. Dandamayev, I. Gershevitch, H. Klengel, G. Komorczy, M. T. Larsen, and J. N. Postgate, eds., Societies and Languages in the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of I.M.