Walmart also led ranking of companies by revenue in 2022, with a total revenue of about 600. A ceasefire agreement, signed on 21 July 1992, has held to the present day. These villages, along with Varnia and Copanca, near Bender and Tiraspol, are claimed by the PMR. In April 1990, nationalist mobs attacked ethnic Russian members of parliament, while the Moldovan police refused to intervene or restore order.[50]. In April 1995, the Soviet 14th Guards Army became the Operational Group of Russian Forces, which by the 2010s had shrunk to two battalions and no more than 1,500 troops. For example, the percentage of Russians grew from 13.7% in 1926 to 25.5% in 1989 and further to 30.4% in 2004, while the Moldovan population decreased from 44.1% in 1926 to 39.9% in 1989 and 31.9% in 2004. Sat Mar 4 2023 - 11:00. We're bringing the voice of Ukraine to the world. While the pandemic led to a decrease in collective revenue, it saw a record number of women running the Global 500 businesses. There is disagreement over whether elections in Transnistria are free and fair. In February 2011, it was started again in Vienna. The major centre of Bulgarians in Transnistria is the large village of Parcani (situated between the cities of Tiraspol and Bender), which had an absolute Bulgarian majority and a total population of around 10,000. January 30, 2023 Author: Luca Ventura "Representation and democracy in Eurasia's unrecognized states: The case of Transnistria. However, as recently as 2005, registration hurdles were met with by some religious groups, notably the Jehovah's Witnesses. BNS. Noida, India 17 miracles snake story +91 9313127275 ; contraction de texte en ligne neeraj@enfinlegal.com PMR official statistics show that 91% of the Transnistrian population adhere to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with 4% adhering to Roman Catholicism. [89] However, even after 2002, the Russian parliament did not ratify the Istanbul accords. [citation needed], Andrei Stratan, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Moldova, stated in his speech during the 12th OSCE Ministerial Council Meeting in Sofia on 67 December 2004 that "The presence of Russian troops on the territory of the Republic of Moldova is against the political will of Moldovan constitutional authorities and defies the unanimously recognized international norms and principles, being qualified by Moldovan authorities as a foreign military occupation illegally deployed on the territory of the state". On top of the list of the 20 largest companies ranked by turnover in the Nordic countries as of December 2022 was the Swedish vehicle manufacturing company Volvo AB. The current President is Vadim Krasnoselsky. [58][59], After the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014, the head of the Transnistrian parliament asked to join Russia.[60][61][62]. The training will be for men under 55 who are eligible for military service. C Cuciurgan power station G Gazprombank (Transnistria) I Intercentre Lux Interdnestrcom K KVINT M Moldova Steel Works S Sheriff (company) T Tiraspoltransgas Tirotex However, the Moldovan/Ukrainian block remains in place and holds up progress in status settlement negotiations between the sides. vitamin b12 injections dosage and frequency for weight loss; todd collins career earnings. US companies including Goldman Sachs, Microsoft and . The first three are oriented toward exports, while Inter RAO UES delivers gas to Transniester and Moldova. It has 43 members who are elected for 5-year terms. 173 from 22 July 2005 "About main notes about special legal status of settlements of left bank of Dnestr (Transnistria)": Jos Boonstra, Senior Researcher, Democratisation Programme, FRIDE. [95], In 2011, US Senator John McCain claimed in a visit to Moldova that Moscow is violating the territorial integrity of Moldova and Georgia and one of the "fundamental norms" of "international behavior". [81][82], A list published by the European Union bans travel to the EU for some members of the Transnistrian leadership.[83]. [93] On the other hand, Moldova believes that fewer than 500 soldiers are authorised pursuant to the ceasefire and, in 2015, began to arrest and deport Russian soldiers who are part of the excess forces and attempt to use Moldovan airports. [113] Roman Catholics are mainly located in northern Transnistria, where a notable Polish minority lives. The GDP increased by 11.1% and inflation rate was 19.3% with the GDP per capita now being $2,140, higher than Moldova's GDP per capita that is $2,040. Here you get access to unique top lists based on the 500,000 largest companies in the Nordic region. Homosexuality was illegal, and gays and lesbians were subject to governmental and societal discrimination. [137] In the early 2000s over 50% of the export went to the CIS, mainly to Russia, but also to Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova (which Transnistrian authorities consider foreign). Return to the USSR - Excursion in Transnistria 11 Recommended by 90% of travelers Bus Tours from $114.30 per adult Tiraspol must-see tour - Transnistria 112 Recommended by 98% of travelers Private and Luxury from $27.21 per adult 3. Terra's private equity peers, Flywheel Energy, Blackbeard Operating and Scout Energy, are also among the top ten methane emitters. Elections in Transnistria are not recognised by international bodies such as the European Union, as well as numerous individual countries, who called them a source of increased tensions. murray park pool hours; oscillating universe theory strengths and weaknesses; avanti trainee train driver; wellstar health insurance; columbus county mugshots 2021 Primary. hendrick motorsports hats; largest company in transnistria The 2007 Freedom in the World report, published by the U.S.-based Freedom House, described Transnistria as a "non-free" territory, having an equally bad situation in both political rights and civil liberties. Ukrainians were the third largest ethnic group, representing a 45.41% relative majority in the northern Rbnia District, a 42.6% minority in Camenca, a 33.0% minority in Tiraspol, a 28.3% minority in Dubsari, a 23.4% minority in Slobozia, and a 17.4% minority in Grigoriopol. Moldovan President Vladimir Voronin was initially supportive of the plan, but refused to sign it after internal opposition and international pressure from the OSCE and US, and after Russia had endorsed the Transnistrian demand to maintain a Russian military presence for the next 20 years as a guarantee for the intended federation. For additional context, LinkedIn's ad reach in Transnistria was equivalent to 4.1 percent of the local internet user base (regardless of age) at the start of the year. It is an. [85] The largest company in the textile industry is Tirotex, which claims to be the second largest textile company in Europe. Largest Companies by Market Cap companies: 7,308 total market cap: $85.965 T Rank by Market Cap Earnings Revenue Employees P/E ratio Dividend % Market Cap gain More + This is the list of the world's biggest companies by market capitalization. [98], On 27 June 2016, a new law entered in force in Transnistria, punishing actions or public statements, including through the usage of mass media, networks of information and telecommunications or the Internet, criticising the military mission of the Russian Army stationed in Transnistria, or presenting interpretations perceived to be "false" by the Transnistrian government of the Russian Army's military mission. Largest European companies based on number of employees worldwide in 2020 (in 1,000s) Characteristic. [54] In mid-April 1992, under the agreements on the split of the military equipment of the former Soviet Union negotiated between the former 15 republics in the previous months, Moldova created its own Defence Ministry. Over the course of two days, 67 July 1949, a plan named "Operation South" saw the deportation of over 11,342 families by order of the Moldavian Minister of State Security, Iosif Mordovets. Jun [citation needed]. After Moldova signed the Association Agreement with the EU in 2014, Transnistria being claimed as part of Moldova enjoyed the tariff-free exports to the EU. The company explores for, produces, transports and markets crude oil, natural gas and bitumen for organizations worldwide. The village of Roghi of Molovata Nou Commune is also controlled by the PMR (Moldova controls the other nine of the 10 villages of the six communes). The second-largest European company on the Global 2000, car-maker Volkswagen, has seen its stock shed nearly 16% over the past year. [40] During the Romanian occupation of 194144, between 150,000 and 250,000 Ukrainian and Romanian Jews were deported to Transnistria; the majority were executed or died from other causes in ghettos and concentration camps of the Governorate. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 400 pixels. The rankings and market cap data of these companies are updated regularly. [133][134] In November 2007, the total debt of Transnistria's public sector was up to US$1.64billion. The city is located on the . The Russian government denied the claims. The climate is humid continental with subtropical characteristics. The region's origins can be traced to the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was formed in 1924 within the Ukrainian SSR. [115] In 2007, the US-based Christian Broadcasting Network denounced the persecution of Protestants in Transnistria. ", This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:08. [91][92] As of 2007[update] however, Russia insists that it has already fulfilled those obligations. In July 2005 the Transnistrian Supreme Council amended the election code to prohibit media controlled by the Transnistrian authorities from publishing results of polls and forecasts related to elections. Romania controlled the entire region between Dniester and Southern Bug rivers, including the city of Odessa as local capital. Since 1990, Transnistria has governed itself independently of the Moldovan capital, Chisinau, fortified by a permanent Russian military presence and annual financial aid from Moscow. The urbanisation rate was 69.9%. Recent weapons inspections were permitted by Transnistria and conducted by the OSCE. "Linkage and leverage effects on Moldova's Transnistria problem. In addition, another municipality, the City of Bender, situated on the western bank of the Dniester, in Bessarabia, and geographically outside Transnistria, is not part of the territorial unit of Transnistria as defined by the Moldovan central authorities, but it is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR's administrative organisation: Each of the districts is further divided into cities and communes. ", Cojocaru, Natalia. [131], In 2004, Transnistria had debts of US$1.2billion (two-thirds are with Russia) that was per capita about six times higher than in Moldova (without Transnistria). There are concerns that the remainder of these arms stockpiles could be used in a future. [96] On 21 May 2015, the Ukrainian parliament passed a law terminating five co-operation agreements with Russia. It is stated that anyone can participate after having a medical examination. "Nationalism and identity in Transnistria. Following is a list of largest companies in Pakistan: Conglomerates. Other resolutions: 320 160 pixels | 640 320 pixels | 1,024 512 pixels | 1,280 640 pixels | 2,560 1,280 pixels. Transnistria has warm summers and cool to cold winters. In the interest of preserving a unified Moldavian SSR within the USSR and preventing the situation escalating further, then Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, while citing the restriction of civil rights of ethnic minorities by Moldova as the cause of the dispute, declared the Transnistria proclamation to be lacking legal basis and annulled it by presidential decree on 22 December 1990. The biggest industrial companies in the US are involved in various sectors which include aerospace, lumber production, tools, defense, construction, waste management, cement and metal. The region can also be referred to in English as Trans-Dniester[30] or Transdniestria. Three of the top five firms are oil . [127] However, several years later, it decided to head toward a market economy. [116], Transnistria has a mixed economy. Precipitation is equal year round although with a slight increase in the summer months. Between 1929 and 1940, Tiraspol functioned as the capital of the Moldavian ASSR, an autonomous republic that existed from 1924 to 1940 within the Ukrainian SSR. The United States, the European Union, and the OSCE approved the Ukrainian move, while Russia saw it as a means of political pressure. On 2 September 1990, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (PMSSR) was proclaimed as a Soviet republic by an ad hoc assembly, the Second Congress of the Peoples' Representatives of Transnistria, following a successful referendum. The largest companies by turnover The largest employers in total The most profitable companies TOP LISTS COUNTRY Denmark by turnover Finland by turnover Norway by turnover Sweden by turnover Top lists county Stockholm County Capital Region of Denmark Southern Finland Oslo County The best Nordic search engine gets even better! Apple Incorporation's ranking is the second most valuable company globally, following Saudi Aramco in Saudi Arabia, with a $2.332 Trillion. The fighting intensified throughout early 1992. This was announced by the so-called Ministry of Defense of the unrecognised republic. The top list data is always based on the latest available financial statements. Transnistria declared a "humanitarian catastrophe" in the region, while Moldova called the declaration "deliberate misinformation". OSCE and European Union officials stated in 2005 that there is no evidence that Transnistria "has ever trafficked arms or nuclear material" and much of the alarm is due to the Moldovan government's attempts to pressure Transnistria.[149]. The Russian army has a military base, a large ammunition dump and about 1,500 soldiers stationed in Transnistria, stating that they are there as "peacekeepers". The localities controlled by Moldova on the eastern bank, the village of Roghi, and the city of Dubsari (situated on the eastern bank and controlled by the PMR) form a security zone along with the six villages and one city controlled by the PMR on the western bank, as well as two (Varnia and Copanca) on the same west bank under Moldovan control. Its capital city is Tiraspol. The Ministry of Defense (MOD) of Moldova dismissed earlier the rumors about preparing a military operation in Transnistria. Original file (SVG file, nominally 1,200 600 pixels, file size: 2 KB) Transnistria has its own central bank, the Transnistrian Republican Bank, which issues its national currency, the Transnistrian rubla. The Japanese carmaker is one of only two Asian firms to make it into the top 20 transnational companies by assets; Honda, another carmaker, ranks 19th. It affirms that the republic has freedom of religion and states that 114 religious beliefs and congregations are officially registered. ; 3 Rbnia () with two important bridges over the Dniester River, Rbnia has a scenic location, and is home to Transnistria's largest company, a steelworks Let my hands be covered in blood up to my elbows, but I will throw out the invaders, aliens and mankurt over the Dniester, I will throw them out of Transnistria, and you, the Romanians, are the real owners of this long-suffering land, you will get their houses, their apartments, along with their furniture We will make them speak Romanian, respect our language, our culture! Name Headquarters Assets Industry Net Income Nishat Group: Lahore: US$6 billion: Conglomerate: Fauji Foundation: . [56] Known as "the Kozak memorandum", it did not coincide with the Transnistrian position, which sought equal status between Transnistria and Moldova, but gave Transnistria veto powers over future constitutional changes; this encouraged Transnistria to sign it. On 3 March 2006, Ukraine introduced new customs regulations on its border with Transnistria. D. espite challenges brought on by the pandemic, ongoing war and unpredictable markets, the world's largest public companies managed to boost sales and profits in the last year. In 1924, the Moldavian ASSR was proclaimed within the Ukrainian SSR; the ASSR included today's Transnistria (4,100km2, 1,600sqmi) and an area (4,200km2, 1,600sqmi) to the northeast around the city of Balta, but nothing from Bessarabia, which at the time formed part of Romania. Total revenue of the company in 2019 (in millions of dollars): 71,154. [130] The budget for 2008 is US$331million, with an estimated deficit of about US$80million. According to the overall estimates, the company employs over 1 million people and has more than $410 billion in assets at the given moment making it one of the biggest companies in the world. The aviation industry is one of the attractive sectors in the world simply due to the nature of the products. Following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the Russian 14th Army left 40,000 tons of weaponry and ammunition in Transnistria. [10] Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester (Romanian: Unitile Administrativ-Teritoriale din stnga Nistrului)[11] or as Stnga Nistrului ("Left Bank of the Dniester"). This party, led by a former separatist leader and member of the PMR government Andrey Safonov, allegedly favours a union with Moldova. [citation needed] Although the ceasefire has held, the territory's political status remains unresolved: Transnistria is an unrecognised but de facto independent presidential republic[16] with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, currency, and vehicle registration. The former Soviet 14th Guards Army entered the conflict in its final stage, opening fire against Moldovan forces;[55] approximately 700 people were killed. The main transportation route in Transnistria is the road from Tiraspol to Rbnia through Dubsari. Over the years, Moldova has largely permitted Russian officers and soldiers to transit the airport on their way to Transnistria, though occasionally it blocked those that were not clearly identified as international peacekeepers or who failed to give sufficient advance notice. [48], The nationalist Popular Front won the first free parliamentary elections in the Moldavian SSR in early 1990,[49] and its agenda started slowly to be implemented. The human rights record of Transnistria has been criticised by several governments and international organisations.[which?] Ethnic minorities felt threatened by the prospects of removing Russian as the official language, which served as the medium of interethnic communication, and by the possible future reunification of Moldova and Romania, as well as the ethnocentric rhetoric of the Popular Front. From an economic perspective, Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe. The company faced a huge setback in 2012 along with other home building famous companies. China Petrochemical Corporation or Sinopec Group is the world's largest oil refining, gas and petrochemical conglomerate, administered by SASAC for the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Transnistria is subdivided into five districts (raions) and one municipality, the city of Tiraspol (which is entirely surrounded by but administratively distinct from Slobozia District), listed below from north to south (Russian names and transliterations are appended in parentheses). [8], According to another source, the largest ethnic groups in 2015 were 161,300 Russians (34%), 156,600 Moldovans (33%), and 126,700 Ukrainians (26.7%). Transnistria's economy is frequently described as dependent on contraband[119] and gunrunning. Transdniester Conflict: Long in the making, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&oldid=1142771370, Romanian-speaking countries and territories, Russian-speaking countries and territories, Ukrainian-speaking countries and territories, Regions of Europe with multiple official languages, States and territories established in 1990, 1990 establishments in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2021, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2013, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2010, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 47.82% Moldovans, 42.55% Ukrainians, 6.89% Russians, 2.74% others, 29.90% Moldovans, 45.41% Ukrainians, 17.22% Russians, 7.47% others, 50.15% Moldovans, 28.29% Ukrainians, 19.03% Russians, 2.53% others, 64.83% Moldovans, 15.28% Ukrainians, 17.36% Russians, 2.26% others, 41.51% Moldovans, 21.71% Ukrainians, 26.51% Russians, 10.27% others, 18.41% Moldovans, 32.31% Ukrainians, 41.44% Russians, 7.84% others, 25.03% Moldovans, 17.98% Ukrainians, 43.35% Russians, 13.64% others, Citizens of Russia: around 150,000 people (including around 15,000 dual citizens of Belarus, Israel, Turkey); excluding those holding dual citizenship of Russia and of Moldova (around 20,000), Citizens of Ukraine: around 100,000 people, Persons without citizenship: around 20,00030,000 people, Beyer, John, and Stefan Wolff. State Statistics Service of Pridnestrovie, Subdivisions and localities of Transnistria (, , , , , Russian military presence in Transnistria, Transnistria adopted a white-blue-red tricolor flag in 2017, which is almost identical to the, The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991. safe word ideas for shifting Andrei Panici. Chiinu, 2004, p. 600. that the Transnistrian authorities would try to sell these stocks internationally, and intense pressure was applied to have these removed by Russia. Transnistrians are able to travel (normally without difficulty) in and out of the territory under PMR control to neighbouring Moldovan-controlled territory, to Ukraine, and on to Russia, by road or (when service is not interrupted by political tensions) on two international trains, the year-round Moscow-Chiinu, and the seasonal Saratov-Varna. A later campaign was directed against the rich peasant families, who were deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia. Bender Fortress Rbnia seen from the road bridge. [114], Transnistria's government has supported the restoration and construction of new Orthodox churches. [79] The PMR government said "the government of Moldova launched a campaign aimed at convincing international observers not to attend" an election held on 11 December 2005 but monitors from the Russian-led Commonwealth of Independent States election monitors ignored that and declared the ballot democratic. Moldova and the Dniestr Region: Contest Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures? The leading industry is steel, due to the Moldova Steel Works (part of the Russian Metalloinvest holding) in Rbnia, which accounts for about 60% of the budget revenue of Transnistria. Transnistria, along with Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Artsakh, is a post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zone. Under the guise of protection of Russia's interests, the special unit's soldiers used to be transferred to areas of conflict - Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Crimea, Georgia. Some notable and recent achievements of Novartis include the company being recognized as a Bronze COVID Champion in 2021 by the Learning Performance Institute. [43] The most prominent of these movements was the Popular Front of Moldova. According to their own financial interim report (PDF), the state-owned bank serves more than 9.2 million corporate clients and 590 million personal customers around the world. All UN member states consider Transnistria a legal part of the Republic of Moldova. "Interfax", Moscow, in Russian, 0850 gmt, 7 July 2004, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, must be registered with the Moldovan authorities, European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine, Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Disputed status of Transnistria: Territorial issues, Learn how and when to remove this template message, the road from Tiraspol to Rbnia through Dubsari, partially recognised or unrecognised states, International recognition of Transnistria, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, armed forces and the paramilitary of Transnistria, Romanian-language schools in Transnistria, List of active separatist movements in Europe, " ", "Hopes Rise in Transnistria of a Russian Annexation", "On the situation of Russian schools in Moldova", "Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR", "Russian language in Moldova could lose their status ( )", "352 DE MII DE LOCUITORI DIN REGIUNEA TRANSNISTREAN DEIN CETENIA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA I 362 DE MII FIGUREAZ N REGISTRUL DE STAT AL POPULAIEI", "An aided economy. The onus of responsibility rests on Russia to remove the rest of the supplies. "From secessionist conflict toward a functioning state: processes of state-and nation-building in Transnistria. [99][bettersourceneeded], After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Transnistria declared it would maintain its neutrality in the situation and denied claims that it would assist in the attack on Ukraine. Top 10 Biggest Banks In The World 2023. For Western European companies, Transnistria also became interesting as a textile producer offering low labor and production costs. [47] Transnistria's ethnic and linguistic composition differed significantly from most of the rest of Moldova. Transnistrian authorities declared that they are not involved in the manufacture or export of weapons. Moscow is concerned about the situation in Moldova's breakaway region of Transnistria and is closely monitoring developments there, the Kremlin said Monday. [150] Their report stated that the evidence for the illicit production and trafficking of weapons into and from Transnistria, has in the past been exaggerated, although the trafficking of light weapons is likely to have occurred before 2001 (the last year when export data showed US$900,000 worth of 'weapons, munitions, their parts and accessories' exported from Transnistria).