Abraham Kuykendall 5 5. [36], Many local communities adopted laws forbidding enslaved people from having liquor or weapons, from selling agricultural products, hiring their own time, or being hired by free blacks. Phone: (214) 565-9026, African American Community Archives Program, Austin History Center, Austin Public Library, Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Inc.Willie Lee Gay - H-Town Chapter11100 Braesridge, Suite 2202Houston, Texas 77071aahgshtown@yahoo.com, Houston Museum of African American Culture Leaders of the Mexican nation tended to oppose slavery, in part from revolutionary idealism and in part because slavery was not essential to the new nations economy, and therefore regularly threatened to limit or abolish the institution. Over 30 of the fugitives made it safely to freedom in Mexico. 42 (June, 1948): 510, 511-12. WebReturn to Slave Manifests main page Click on each Slave name to view information on that voyage. The collection is organized alphabetically by state, then city where the bank was located, then date the account was established, then account number. Elijah Williamson 3 10. These films do not appear to contain the names of former slaves. Anderson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Austin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bastrop County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Bexar County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Bosque County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Brazos County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Burleson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Caldwell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Cass County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Chambers County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cherokee County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Collin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cooke County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Dallas County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), DeWitt County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Ellis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Falls County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Fannin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Fayette County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Fort Bend County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Freestone County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Galveston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Gonzales County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Grayson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Guadalupe County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 1), Harris County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Harrison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 6, 1), Hays County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Hill County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Hopkins County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Houston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Johnson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Kaufman County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Lavaca County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Leon County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Madison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Marion County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Matagorda County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), McLennan County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Milam County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Montgomery County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 5, 0), Nacogdoches County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Navarro County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Nueces County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Panola County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Polk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Red River County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Rusk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Sabine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), San Augustine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Shelby County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 9, 3), Smith County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Tarrant County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Titus County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Travis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Tyler County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Upshur County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Walker County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Washington County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Wharton County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0). White society as a whole in antebellum Texas was dominated by its slaveholding minority. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, After The Debates, Beto ORourkes Fundraising Slumped, While Julin Castros Jumped, Billionaire Ross Perot Remembered As Patriot, Family Man, Experts Say The Current Plastic Industry Boom Will Be A Bust In Five Years, News Roundup: New Initiative Aims To Register More Texans With Disabilities To Vote, San Antonio Migrant Resource Center Has Helped 30,000 Since March. [26], The abolition of slavery created tensions between the Mexican government and slave-holding settlers from the United States. Slaveowners may not free their enslaved servants without Congressional approval unless the freed people leave Texas. 389-412)Page Count: 24, Texas Runaway Slave Project. PARENTAGE OF MARGARET FRENCH SLAUGHTER IN QUESTION. The use of slavery expanded in the mid-nineteenth century as White American settlers, primarily from the Southeastern United States, crossed the Sabine River and brought enslaved people with them. [34], Plantation enslaved people generally lived in one or two-room log cabins. Texas ranked 10th in total enslaved population and 9th in percentage enslaved (30 percent of all residents). The history of slavery in Texas began slowly at first during the first few phases in Texas' history. Many slaves may have escaped such punishment, but every slave lived with the knowledge that he or she could be whipped at his owner's discretion. After the Texas Revolution ended in 1836, the Constitution of the Republic of Texas made slavery legal. Slaves were increasing faster than the population as a whole. These records often include full names, former masters and plantations, and current residences. A Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Dallas Genealogical Society Several confessed to a plot by white abolitionists to avenge John Brown's execution by burning food supplies and poisoning slaveowners. Although not considered equals in the tribes, they were generally treated well. WebUnited States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Name index and images of slave schedules listing slave owners and only age, gender and color data of the slaves in cesus states or Stephen F. Austin made this clear in 1824: The principal product that will elevate us from poverty is cotton, he wrote, and we cannot do this without the help of slaves. (see BLACKS IN COLONIAL SPANISH TEXAS andANGLO-AMERICAN COLONIZATION). A group of enslaved people killed the sheriff of Gonzales when he attempted to stop their going to Matamoros. [11], In 1829, Mexico abolished slavery, but it granted an exception until 1830 to Texas. 1836-1864 (10 fiche) FS Library 6118915, Oral Histories Recorded at the Gregory School, African American Freedman's Savings and Trust Company Records, United States, Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1874, U.S., Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1871 ($), United States, Freedmen's Bureau Claim Records,1865-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau Hospital and Medical Records, 1865-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau Labor Contracts, Indenture and Apprenticeship Records, 1865-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau Marriages, 1861-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau Ration Records,1865-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Persons and Articles Hired, 1865-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Freedmen's Court Records, 1865-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Land and Property Records, 1865-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of Freedmen's Complaints, 1865-1872, United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education, 1865-1872, United States Freedmen's Bureau Miscellaneous Records,1865-1872, United States Freedmen's Bureau, Records of Freedmen, 1865-1872, African American Freedmen's Bureau Records. John J. Middleton of Beaufort, South Carolina: 530 slaves. Length of residence (in state, in county, in precinct), General Remarks--race is noted when the registrant was "colored". As news of emancipation spread across the state, a few owners angrily told their slaves to leave immediately, but most asked the freedmen, as they soon became known, to stay and work for wages. Slavery formally ended in Texas after June 19, 1865 (Juneteenth), when Gen. Gordon Granger arrived at Galveston with occupying federal forces and announced emancipation. As is apparent from the attached list of slave owners on this web site, many people in the county who owned slaves only had one or two. For the time being, we are using this as the Slavery Plantation umbrella or portal. [13], The United States outlawed the importation of enslaved people in 1808, but domestic trade flourished, especially in New Orleans during the antebellum decades. It was Sarah Devereux that kept the plantation producing after Julien's death. [citation needed]. WebAfrican American Resources for Texas. hb```f`` a B,@Q 2;8V31o``89N[5Qly$%Np s6,?d4/(qMT%GY &@J@LF!b.n;30g@, g`fgdE:%D,,,?Tgnvcz.8USc`~XL8;0hT]"t AMJ- All slaves had to live with the knowledge that their families could be broken up, and yet the basic social unit survived. Amid talk of reparations, political figures contend with their slave-owning ancestors. WebThe slaves who remained on properties in South Carolina are counted on the South Carolina reports. Web1800 Slave Owners 1. WebAn 1857 notice advertised the sale of two likely negroesa man named Strut and a woman named Rachel to be held at the courthouse door in Corsicana, Navarro County, Texas, to settle an estate. Although no major rebellions occurred, individual acts of violence against owners were carried out. The TSHA makes every effort to conform to the principles of fair use and to comply with copyright law. Wood was born into slavery in the early 19th century on a Kentucky farm owned by a man named Moses Tousey, McDaniel writes. Texas 1867 Special Voter's Registration: includes information for 1867 - 1869. They may be related. To find Freedmen's Bureau records: Visit the African American Freedmen's Bureau Records page to learn more about utilizing these records. [9] Of these, only 15 were enslaved, 4males and 11females. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Cotton. In comparison, good Texas cotton land could be bought for as little as six dollars an acre. In 1860, mass hysteria ensued after a series of fires erupted throughout the state. See also AGRICULTURE, AFRICAN AMERICANS, CIVIL WAR, RECONSTRUCTION, and SLAVE INSURRECTIONS. The civil rights movement led to the U.S. Congress and President Lyndon Johnson passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which protected the rights of all citizens to integrated public facilities and enforcement of voting rights. Due to the state laws, he would receive half of the price he had paid. Slave auction in Austin, Texas, circa 1850-1860. In the fewer than fifty years between 1821 and 1865, the "Peculiar Institution," as Southerners called it, spread over the eastern two-fifths of the state, an area nearly as large as Alabama and Mississippi combined. [11] To encourage citizens to report unlawful activity, most southern states allowed anyone who informed on a slave trader to receive half of what the imported enslaved people would earn at auction. This page has been accessed 1,367 times. Gleaning Information about Enslaved Ancestors from Probate Files NGS Magazine 48 #2 (April-June 2022): 2327. (re: Insurrection Scare in East Texas) "Smith County and Its Neighgors During the Slave Insurrection Panic of 1860," by Donald Eugene Reynolds, PhD (born 1931), Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies, outlawed the importation of enslaved people, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Supreme Court struck down Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act, History of African Americans in Dallas-Ft. Worth, History of African Americans in San Antonio, "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "U.S. appeals court allows Texas to implement voter ID law", "Updated: Texas voter ID law allows gun licenses, not Student ID's", "Someone did not do their due diligence: How an attempt to review Texas' voter rolls turned into a debacle", Texas Terror: the Slave Insurrection Panic of 1860 and the Secession of the Lower South, San Antonio de Bexar: A Community on New Spain's Northern Frontier, Lester G. Bugbee, "Slavery in early Texas", Foreign relations of the Republic of Texas, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Texas&oldid=1132265581, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with failed verification from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Through wills and census reports found during family research, I have discovered a couple sets of ancestors who owned slaves. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. During the late 1850s, prime male field hands aged eighteen to thirty cost on the average $1,200, and skilled slaves such as blacksmiths often were valued at more than $2,000. endstream endobj 510 0 obj <. After statehood, in antebellum Texas, slavery grew even more rapidly. https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/slavery. William Mills 20 2. WebAnd for greater certainty I here give the names of the slaves mentioned and intended to pass to said children by this my 5th bequeath to the best of my resolution, to wit, 1 Scott 2 Shortly before 1858 he moved from Mississippi to Texas with his wife, Mary, and five children. People of color who had been servants for life under Mexican law would become property. Most slaves, however, were neither loyal servants nor rebels. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell was confronted with similar information about his ancestors this month, but had a different reaction. Both the Baptist and Methodist churches appointed missionaries to the enslaved people and allowed active participation by them. [49] Throughout the summer, many East Texas newspapers continued to recommend that slaveholders oppose ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, in the hopes that emancipation could be gradually implemented. Samuel Murray 3 9. Meredith Calhoun of Rapides, Louisiana: 709 slaves. The son of Capt. In 1829 the Guerrero decree conditionally abolished slavery throughout Mexican territories. 3536 Grand Avenue By Laura RiceJuly 17, 20191:49 pmArts & Culture, History, Race & Identity. [50], Slavery was officially abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment which took effect on December 18, 1865. In some cases, whites with the same name may be members of the former slave holding family. The whites, however, could hope to improve their lives with their own hard work, while the enslaved people could have no such hope or expectation as, of course, their work belonged by law to their owners and not to them. AAGIG@dallasgenealogy.org, "African American Records: Freedmen's Bureau," "African American Heritage,", African American Online Genealogy Records, George Washington Carver Museum and Genealogy Center, Texas State Historical Association: African Americans, The McGowan Funeral Home Records, 1956-1995, The Southern Migration of the Keeton and Chafer Family, Slavery Statutes - Texas: ca. [18] Slaveholders trying to enter Mexico would force the people they enslaved to sign contracts claiming that they owed money and would work to pay the debt. They were not, and even the best-treated slaves dreamed of freedom. [7] The 1783 census for all of Texas listed a total of 36enslaved people. WebSouth Carolina's slave population in 1790 was 107,094, around 43 percent of the state population; by 1860 it was 402,406, around 57 percent of the total population. Officials and Employees Box 12446 Categories: Texas, Slavery | United States of America, Slave Owners. AngloAmerican settlers were very alarmed, but within a year the State Congress of Coahuila and Texas, some of its Tejano leaders impressed by the pleas of Austin's colonists concerning the need for labor and others distracted by debates over different issues, passed a law that used the familiar practice of indentured servitude to permit the bringing in of slaves under a different name. Dallas, Texas 75225-0446 East Texas Research Center. Economically, slave owners had a disproportionately large share of the state's wealth and produced virtually all of the cash crops. The low wages the enslaved person would receive made repayment impossible, and the debt would be inherited, even though no enslaved person would receive wages until age eighteen. William Fletcher 4 6. It gives the county and location, a description of the house, the number of acres owned, and the number of cabins of former slaves. Slavery certainly promoted development of the agricultural economy; it provided the labor for a 600 percent increase in cotton production during the 1850s. [16] That year, the American Stephen F. Austin was granted permission by Mexican authorities to bring Anglo settlers into Texas. [29], The following year all those who had been living in Texas at the time of independence were allowed to remain. In 1860 there were 3,017 slaves in Marion county 1,406 males, 1,611 females. This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 11:16. The men sold enslaved people to James Bowie and others, who brought them directly to a customhouse and informed on themselves. Meals often consisted of bread, molasses, sweet potatoes, hominy, and beef, chicken, and pork. The number of enslaved people in the state increased dramatically as the Union Army occupied parts of Arkansas and Louisiana. The issue of slavery became a source of contention between the Anglo-American settlers and Spanish governors. In the fall of 1835, a group of almost 100enslaved people staged an uprising along the Brazos River after they heard rumors of approaching Mexican troops. All ages were represented, however, from 5months to 60years. John Marshall (17551835), 4th This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. By 1860, that number had increased to 182,566. Samuel Allen 1 12. Americans of European extraction and enslaved people contributed greatly to the population growth in the Republic and State of Texas. [33], Many churches in Texas accepted enslaved people as members. This did not mean that the majority of slaves were content with their status. [14][15], In 1821 at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence, Texas was included in the new nation. [11] By 1825, however, a census of Austin's Colony showed 1,347 Anglo-Americans and 443people of African descent, including a small number of free blacks. Austin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1) B. Bandera The progress of the Civil War did not drastically affect slavery in Texas because no major slaveholding area was invaded. They fought bitterly against the disruption of their families by sale or migration and at times virtually forced masters to respect family ties. Slavery spread over the eastern two-fifths of Texas by 1860 but flourished most vigorously along the rivers that provided rich soil and relatively inexpensive transportation. In August 1831, Juan Davis Bradburn, the military commander of the custom station on Upper Galveston Bay, gave asylum to two men who had escaped from slavery in Louisiana. Slave owners and male Many enslaved people ran away. The governors feared the growth in the Anglo-American population in Texas, and for various reasons, by the early 19th century, they and their superiors in Mexico City disapproved of expanding slavery. By 1840 there were 11,323 enslaved people in Texas. Mrs. Mary C. Stirling/Sterling, Pointe Coupee (2), Louisiana: 338 slaves. Other FamilySearch collections not included: More collections are available in the FamilySearch Catalog. The 1867 Voter Registration includes names of voters who registered in the period between 1867 and 1869. P Denwood was a Quaker and in early days often was in trouble with the court as he was suspected of harboring Quakers on their way up to Maryland. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) Legally slaves were categorized as chattel (moveable property), but they were men, women and children who clearly despised their condition of servitude. In 1829, President Vicente Guerrero issued a decree abolishing slavery in all of Mexico, but within months he exempted Texas from that order. A relatively few slaves, perhaps as many as 2,000 between 1835 and 1865, came through the illegal African trade. While settled chiefly by Anglo-Southerners after the war; with the history of ranching, some of these parts have been more associated with the Southwest than the South. Most lived with a certain amount of fear of their supposedly happy servants, for the slightest threat of a slave rebellion could touch off a violent reaction. FS Library976.4F2bjm 1970 Col. Joshua John Ward of Georgetown, South Carolina: Some slaveowners did not free their enslaved people until late in 1865. Lambert Clayton 1 15. Slavery was a labor system and although slaves obviously freed their owners from the drudgery of manual labor and daily chores, they were a troublesome property in many ways. [40] As early as 1836, Texas slaveholders sent representatives to Matamoros to try to reclaim their runaways, but Mexico refused. [24] Fifty percent of the enslaved people worked either alone or in groups of fewer than 20 on small farms ranging from the Nueces River to the Red River, and from the Louisiana border to the edge of the western settlements of San Antonio, Austin, Waco, and Fort Worth. White Texans were fearful about revolts, and as in other southern states, rumors of uprisings took hold rapidly, often in times of economic and social tension. As in other southern states, however, the enslaved people made Christianity their own and they developed strong religious faith. [25] The department of Texas, which included the eastern settlements, expected to export 2,000 bales of cotton and 5,000 head of cattle. Cotton. [41] See Underground Railroad South to Mexico. J. Harleston Read of Georgetown, South Carolina: 511 slaves. The Comanche indiscriminately killed enslaved people and their white owners during raids. Geni requires JavaScript! The number Slaves freed in America before the 14th Amendment of the Constitution. Austin: Encino Press, 1974. WebWhat percentage of Texas families owned slaves? Most escapees joined friendly American Indian tribes, but others settled in the East Texas forests. The first non-Native slave in Texas was Estevanico, a Moor from North Africa who had been captured and enslaved by the Spanish when he was a child. The Slave Narratives of Texas. It could happen in public spaces with town halls and forums, it could happen in our own homes at our dining room tables and have a conversation about what does it mean to be part of this lineage?. Alwyn Barr. 2) THIS PATRIOT HAD TWO DAUGHTERS NAMED MARY, ONE BY EACH WIFE; Daniel French Slaughter (October 15, 1799 October 13, 1882) was Virginia planter and politician from two distinguished families of politicians and soldiers. Eliza Denwoo Henry David Rhodes, planter, was born in Alabama about 1819. WebOne in four families owned slaves. Madison (1), 236 slaves. Family ties were a source of strength for people enduring bondage and a mark of their humanity, too. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. Many of the fires had coincided with a summer drought, and new matches were susceptible to spontaneous combustion. [35] Enslaved people often lived similarly to poor whites in Texas, especially those new to the territory and just getting started. Later they were joined by lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca. Levin R. Marshall, Concordia (2), Louisiana: 248 slaves. Whites in the area defeated and severely punished them. Ninety percent of the runaways were men, most between ages 20 and 40, because they were best equipped to deal with the long, difficult journey. Religion and music were also key elements of slave culture. However, the north central region held much excellent cotton land, and slavery would probably have developed rapidly there once rail transportation was built. Many owners encouraged worship, primarily on the grounds that it would teach proper subjection and good behavior. Like Georgia, the Texas Democratic Party adopted a whites-only primary. During the war, slavery in Texas was little affected, and prices for enslaved people remained high until the last few months of the war. As a free lady, she was an astute entrepreneur as well as a social climber. 509 0 obj <> endobj [47] The last battle of the war was fought at Palmito Ranch near Brownsville, in 1865. 4 Cotton plantations. Most field hands received two sets of clothing twice each year, with a hat and coat for winter. [46] Anyone convicted of providing arms to enslaved people during the war was sentenced to between two and five years of hard labor. %PDF-1.6 % There were a few slaves in Texas while it was a Spanish province, but slavery did not really become an institution of significance in the region until the arrival of AngloAmerican settlers. Institute of Texas Cultures. Many owners wished to appear as benevolent fathers, and yet most knew that there would be times when they would treat members of their families as property pure and simple. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. P.O. With reparations legislation on the table, Berry says conversations about slavery in history is fundamental. West Feliciana: 127 slaves. In 1854, citizens in Austin and other towns drove many poor Mexicans from the area in fear that they might assist in revolts. FS Library 976.4 D3sl, Garrett-Nelson, LaBrenda. States that had used it adopted other means to keep most African Americans from voting. Texas, Special Voter Registration, 1867-1869. This company was created to assist African American soldiers of the Civil War and freed slaves. Enslaved African Americans had maintained human strength and dignity even in bondage, and Texas could not have grown as it had before 1865 without the slaves' contributions. And when they declared independence and wrote a constitution for their new republic, they made every effort, in the words of a later Texas Supreme Court justice, to "remove all doubt and uneasiness among the citizens of Texas in regard to the tenure by which they held dominion over their slaves." American slave owners or slaveholders were owners of slaves in the United States which typically worked either as agriculture laborers or house servants. On the other hand, the institution may well have contributed in several ways to retarding commercialization and industrialization. Dirt floors were common, and beds attached to the walls were the only standard furnishings. WebTexas's enslaved population grew rapidly: while there were 30,000 enslaved people in Texas in 1845, the census lists 58,161 enslaved African Americans in 1850. Marr. During the pre-Civil War statehood period, a majority of Texans were. 7 rolls, National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, New England Historic Genealogical Society, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Libraries, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Clayton Library Center for Genealogical Research, Sam Houston Regional Library and Research Center, Natchitoches Genealogical and Historical Association, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=African_American_Resources_for_Texas&oldid=5253354. [19] In 1832, the state passed legislation prohibiting worker contracts from lasting more than tenyears. Slaves increased their minimal self-determination by taking what they could get from their owners and then pressing for additional latitude. Moreover, individuals with family ties were probably more easily controlled than those who had none. [54] The drop in proportion of population reflected greatly-increased European immigration to the state in the 19th century, as well as population growth. The practice was common until its abolition in 1865 with the end of the Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. WebIn 1845, there were about 30,000 enslaved people in Texas. Jubilee - The end of slavery in America! Others hated their masters and their situation and rebelled by running away or using violence.