Which of the following is a theoretical example of a consistency seeker model of social cognition? /GS7 27 0 R [35], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dualprocesstheory in psychology. For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. Fugelsang . [18] However, in relying upon heuristics instead of detailed analysis, like the information processing employed by Heider's nave scientist, biased information processing is more likely to occur. -automatic responses, eye contact, speech problems, etc, -Minimal intergroup paradigm: the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. Rectilinear motion The height above ground (in feet) of a ball thrown vertically into the air is given by. A pragmatic social cognitive psychology covers a lot of territory, mostly in personality and social psychology but also in clinical, counseling, and school psychologies. (a) 2xdxx21\int \frac{2 x d x}{x^2\ -\ 1}x212xdx \qquad(b) 2xdx(x21)2\int \frac{2 x d x}{\left(x^2\ -\ 1\right)^2}(x21)22xdx, ( c ) 3xdxx21\int \frac{3 x d x}{\sqrt{x^2\ -\ 1}}x213xdx \qquad (d) 3xdxx21\int \frac{3 x d x}{x^2\ -\ 1}x213xdx. /GS7 27 0 R Weather it is the theory of adjusting the way we act by social Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; The cognitive processes & structures that influence, & areinfluenced by, social behaviour, COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY: people strive for consistency amongcognitions as inconsistency is unpleasant, BUT people are remarkably tolerant of cognitive inconsistency, Errors are due to limited or inaccurate information & motivational considerations (e.g. In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. -Tied to these beliefs -People get aroused in crowds and self-awareness dissipates. come up with 6 examples - YES come up with 12 examples- NO, try to adjust for anchor but never adjust enough, testing hypothesis by seeking out the cases that match the hypothesis. endobj /Type /Font Contents. Kruglanski said people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies based on current goals or needs, people are motivated tacticians. Prototype: abstract, cognitive representation of the typical/idealcategory member (with all the categorys defining features), Exemplars: specific, concrete example of a category member, can vary in how prototypical they are (i.e. /Font << >> would sanctify the pursuit of selfinterest. The implications of this theory raise important questions about both cognition and humanbehavior. Stolz . Does a flawed scientist use automatic processing (system 1/intuitive) or controlled processing (or system 2/analytical/)? continued demands and government responses are therefore unfair, racism is wrong, my beliefs are not racist they are based on facts What are its real world consequences? (a) Graph this equation with a graphing calculator and the window ttt-min =2,t=-2, t=2,t-max =10=10=10; SSS-min =20,Smax=250=-20, S-\max =250=20,Smax=250. |k, y+zSe(S")0(|c^$i)}`#_~:ppq(i.kyo(|49R;e3!q|k0d8zhT6ax What is the motivation of the cognitive miser? doctor, waitress, lecturer), Social group schemas/stereotypes: knowledge structures aboutsocial groups (e.g. What topics are of interest to Social Psychologists? The brain in your pocket: evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking . This perspective assumes that detailed, deliberate processing is costly or expensive in terms of psychological resources, and our resource capacity is limited. Due to the seemingly smooth current situation, people unconsciously adjusted their acceptance of risk; People tend to over-express their faith and confidence to backup systems and safety devices; People regard complicated technical systems in line with complicated governing structures; If concerned with the certain issue, people tend to spread good news and hide bad news; People tend to think alike if they are in the same field (see also: System 1 generates suggestions for System 2, with impressions, intuitions, intentions or feelings; If System 1's proposal is endorsed by System 2, those impressions and intuitions will turn into beliefs, and the sudden inspiration generated by System 1 will turn into voluntary actions; When everything goes smoothly (as is often the case), System 2 adopts the suggestions of System 1 with little or no modification. /ToUnicode 367 0 R /F3 23 0 R /Length 2864 /FirstChar 32 /Subtype /TrueType 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R Bats, balls, and substitution sensitivity: cognitive misers are no happy fools . ->Eastern: connectedness, harmony, commonality, holistic thinking, duties and obligations. -Flawed scientists: controlled processing, consistency, distinctive, consensus (deeper thinking). The term stereotype is thus introduced: people have to reconstruct the complex situation on a simpler model before they can cope with it, and the simpler model can be regarded as stereotype. Describe his findings. << /F3 23 0 R /Resources << If AAA and BBB are events, then P(AB)P(B)P(A|B)\le P(B)P(AB)P(B). -2008 first black president [37], The cognitive miser theory did not originally specify the role of motivation. /GS8 28 0 R /Type /Page Fiske and Taylor argue that acting as cognitive misers is rational due to the sheer volume and intensity of information and stimuli humans intake. [2], The metaphor of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. 24 0 obj << who has been shaped as a cognitive miser, now engages in shallow deliberative processes. A brief example provided by Kahneman is that when we try not to stare at the oddly dressed couple at the neighboring table in a restaurant, our automatic reaction (System 1) makes us stare at them, but conflicts emerge as System 2 tries to control this behavior. What factors affect obedience? x[[Ggc%adp 3 t_hbdK _TwUt5vQ_Nw.{1_.;?nEM]0{?;a}|o/91m~?=>6Gc;xv;{x^(]G!=ig/ho#1na{quo|8Lg?b79?=|xCd]%ZtnrYHo/cauo~qeiL&'?Yv:woa =)Cnf;ZyK|HJ!C|XzfNbpyf`|*F Learn moreOpens in new window, Self-Inference Processes: The Ontario Symposium, Volume 6. However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". -Social contagion: imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Applying this framework to human thought processes, nave scientists seek the consistency and stability that comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control. What is the power of single vivid instances? -Aggression: westerners feel angry to people they are close to or when they are mistreated, easterners opposite . /F1 21 0 R [9][pageneeded] In this sense people are strategic instead of passively choosing the most effortless shortcuts when they allocate their cognitive efforts, and therefore they can decide to be nave scientists or cognitive misers depending on their goals. Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and Arie W. Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivated tactician. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /S /Transparency [40] Kruglanski proposed that people are combination of nave scientists and cognitive misers: people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies (i.e., speed/ease vs. accuracy/logic) based on their current goals, motives, and needs.[40]. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers. partner, friend, parent, celebrities), Role schema: knowledge structures about role occupants(e.g. /Font << People are fully engaged in their thought processes, and choose between a number of different cognitive strategies depending on which best suits their current goals, motives, and needs b. [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". /F6 26 0 R What is deindividuation? It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Cognitive miser". "Errors and biases in our impressions of others are caused by motivations." This is true in what view of the social thinker? In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. Naive scientistHeider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attributions using similar processes to those of scientists.NarcissismIndividual differences variable characterized by extremely high but insecure levels of self-esteem. /GS7 27 0 R ] /Font << 6,000 & 7,000 \\ 28 0 obj In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. -Lowballing: getting people to commit to a certain amount It spans a topic. << /ParentTree 19 0 R 29 0 obj Barr . if we can't find evidence that matches the hypothesis is false. /GS7 27 0 R Heuristics are one way that we save resources. /Parent 2 0 R ETSU Online Programs - http://www.etsu.edu/onlineModule 4 - Social Psychology: Cognitive Misers, Schemas, & Social CognitionMOD 04 EP 15 People can be cognitive misers over naive scientists but the /S /Transparency /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /GS7 27 0 R endobj Due to the seemingly smooth current situation, people unconsciously adjusted their acceptance of risk; People tend to over-express their faith and confidence to backup systems and safety devices; People regard complicated technical systems in line with complicated governing structures; If concerned with the certain issue, people tend to spread good news and hide bad news; People tend to think alike if they are in the same field (see also: System 1 generates suggestions for System 2, with impressions, intuitions, intentions or feelings; If System 1's proposal is endorsed by System 2, those impressions and intuitions will turn into beliefs, and the sudden inspiration generated by System 1 will turn into voluntary actions; When everything goes smoothly (as is often the case), System 2 adopts the suggestions of System 1 with little or no modification. /Keywords (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture;Fiske;2nd Edition;Test Bank) In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. << DanielKahneman described these as intuitive (System 1) and reasoning (System 2) respectively.[36]. ->Western: individualistic, autonomy, competence (getting ahead), analytical thinking (objects), rights The motivated tactician approach The cognitive miser approach The nave scientist approach None of the above. /S /Transparency endobj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /Name /F2 [2], People are limited in their capacity to process information, so they take shortcuts whenever they can. /Type /Group /F3 23 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F4 24 0 R What is the dual process model of persuasion? According to conspiracy theorists, the actress Megan Fox has died and been replaced by lookalikes - not once, but twice (Credit: Getty Images) One, somewhat humbling, explanation is that we are all. /Type /Page /ModDate (D:20160705122909+07'00') People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R Introducing Cram Folders! 1 [73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 5 0 obj What is diffusion of responsibility? /Title (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test Bank) 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R /Tabs /S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Harvard cognitive scientist David Perkins coined the term "mindware" to refer to the rules, data, procedures, strategies and other cognitive tools (knowledge of probability, logic and. >> -When alone, when a situation is physically dangerous for the victim. Nave Scientists vs Cognitive Misers In 1958, Australian psychologist Fritz Heider proposed that there are 2 fundamental needs as humans that we need to fulfil (in order to survive): The need to understand the world The need to control the world around us Rossi . << nave scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician outgroup homogeneity Previous question Next question